Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Far More Than Cysts
A metabolic and reproductive syndrome affecting 1 in 10 women.
Dr. Camille Ferraud
Endocrinologist
In simple terms
PCOS combines irregular periods, hyperandrogenism and metabolic features. Early diagnosis improves long-term outcomes.
What you need to remember
- Common features — Acne, hirsutism, scalp hair thinning, weight gain, insulin resistance, and difficulty conceiving.
- Long-term risks — Type 2 diabetes, dyslipidaemia, sleep apnea and endometrial hyperplasia.
- Treatment — Lifestyle interventions remain foundational
Two of three: irregular ovulation, clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovarian morphology on ultrasound — after excluding other causes.
Common features
Acne, hirsutism, scalp hair thinning, weight gain, insulin resistance, and difficulty conceiving.
Long-term risks
Type 2 diabetes, dyslipidaemia, sleep apnea and endometrial hyperplasia. Regular screening matters.
Treatment
- Lifestyle interventions remain foundational
- Combined oral contraceptives regulate cycles and reduce androgens
- Metformin for metabolic features
- Letrozole as first-line ovulation induction for fertility
PCOS is heterogeneous: treatment must be tailored to each woman's priorities.
The words explained
Medical terms used above, in everyday language.
- Insulin
- The hormone that lets sugar move from your blood into your cells for energy.
- Screening
- A check-up done before you feel ill, to catch a problem early.
When should you see a doctor?
- Your symptoms last more than a few weeks or keep coming back.
- They get worse quickly, or stop you doing everyday things.
- You notice sudden pain, breathing trouble, fainting or bleeding — seek urgent care.
- You already take medication and want to change anything about it.
This article explains general health information. It does not replace advice from your own doctor.
Frequently asked questions
- What is Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Far More Than Cysts?
- PCOS combines irregular periods, hyperandrogenism and metabolic features. Early diagnosis improves long-term outcomes.
- What are the main symptoms or signs of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Far More Than Cysts?
- Common signs vary from person to person. The article above lists the symptoms to watch for, how they progress, and when they need medical attention.
- When should you see a doctor for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Far More Than Cysts?
- See a doctor if symptoms last more than a few weeks, get worse quickly, stop you doing everyday things, or if you notice sudden pain, breathing trouble, fainting or bleeding.
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