Type 1 Diabetes: A Lifelong Autoimmune Disease
Insulin therapy is non-negotiable from day one.
Dr. Camille Ferraud
Endocrinologist
Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells abolishes insulin production. Classic onset includes thirst, frequent urination, weight loss and fatigue, sometimes culminating in diabetic ketoacidosis.
Modern management
- Multiple daily insulin injections or insulin pump
- Continuous glucose monitoring
- Carbohydrate counting
- Hybrid closed-loop systems are now widely available
Acute complications
Hypoglycaemia and ketoacidosis remain the two main emergencies. Patient education and clear sick-day rules prevent most hospitalizations.
Long-term goals
HbA1c below 7% reduces microvascular complications. Regular eye, kidney and foot screening detects damage early.
Type 1 diabetes is autoimmune, not caused by sugar intake or lifestyle.
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