Migraine: Much More Than Just a Headache

What is migraine?

Migraine is a chronic neurological disease characterized by attacks of intense headaches, often unilateral and pulsating, lasting from 4 to 72 hours. It is frequently accompanied by nausea, vomiting, photophobia (sensitivity to light) and phonophobia (sensitivity to noise). A third of migraine sufferers experience an aura — visual or sensory disturbances preceding the pain.

Triggering factors

Stress, lack of sleep, hormonal changes (menstruation), certain foods (alcohol, chocolate, aged cheeses), climatic variations and sensory overload are the most frequent triggers. Keeping a diary of attacks helps identify one's own factors.

Acute and preventive treatments

Triptans remain the reference treatment for moderate to severe attacks. Anti-inflammatories (ibuprofen) are sufficient for mild attacks. As preventive treatment, beta-blockers, amitriptyline and topiramate are used. Anti-CGRP antibodies (erenumab, galcanezumab) represent a major breakthrough for refractory migraines.

Complementary approaches

Relaxation, biofeedback, acupuncture and regular physical activity reduce the frequency of attacks. Non-invasive neuromodulation (vagus nerve stimulation) offers a drug-free option.