Atopic Eczema: Strategies to Soothe Flare-ups

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting 10 to 20% of children and persisting in 2 to 3% of adults in industrialized countries. It manifests as dry skin, red patches, and intense itching.

Understanding the mechanism

The skin barrier of atopic individuals has a deficiency in filaggrin, a protein essential for the skin's impermeability. This structural defect allows allergens and irritants to penetrate more easily, triggering an excessive immune response.

Recommended daily routine

• Emollients: apply a rich moisturizer twice a day, even outside of flare-ups
• Short shower: maximum 5 minutes, lukewarm water (not hot), superfatted soap or soap-free cleanser
• Clothing: prefer cotton, avoid wool directly on the skin
• Environment: maintain indoor humidity between 40 and 60%

During flare-ups

Topical corticosteroids remain the reference treatment for flare-ups. Used correctly, they are effective and safe. Corticophobia (fear of corticosteroids) often leads to undertreatment, which worsens the disease.

For severe forms, new biological treatments like dupilumab have shown remarkable efficacy in clinical trials.

Atopic dermatitis is not a matter of hygiene. It is a genetic and immunological disease that requires appropriate management.