Pneumonia: The Lung Infection That Still Kills Too Many

What is pneumonia?

Pneumonia is an acute infection of the lung alveoli caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is the most common germ in adults. According to health authorities, pneumonia killed 2.5 million people in 2019, including 672,000 children under 5 years old.

Symptoms and diagnosis

High fever with chills, cough with purulent or rusty sputum, chest pain increased by breathing, shortness of breath, and altered general condition. A chest X-ray confirms the diagnosis by showing a lung opacity. Blood tests reveal inflammation (elevated CRP).

Treatment

Bacterial pneumonias are treated with antibiotics (amoxicillin as first-line). Hospitalization is necessary in case of signs of severity (confusion, low blood pressure, high respiratory rate). Viral pneumonias generally resolve spontaneously but may require specific antiviral treatment.

Prevention

Pneumococcal vaccination is recommended for infants, the elderly, and patients with chronic diseases. Influenza vaccination also reduces the risk of secondary pneumonia. Hand hygiene and smoking cessation complete prevention.