Depression: A Brain Disease, Not a Lack of Courage
280 million depressed people worldwide
Dr. Lucie Chevalier
Psychiatrist
In simple terms
Persistent sadness, loss of interest, fatigue, sleep disturbances: depression is a neurobiological disease that can be effectively treated.
Understanding depression
Depression is a common mental disorder affecting approximately 280 million people worldwide according to health authorities. It is not a weakness of character but a disease involving neurochemical imbalances (serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine), structural changes in the brain, and genetic and environmental factors.
Diagnostic criteria
At least 5 of the following symptoms for at least 2 weeks: almost constant depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure, changes in appetite or weight, insomnia or hypersomnia, agitation or retardation, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, difficulty concentrating, thoughts of death or suicide.
Effective treatments
Antidepressants (SSRIs like sertraline, SNRIs like venlafaxine) are effective in 60-70% of cases. Psychotherapy (cognitive behavioral therapy, interpersonal therapy) is as effective as medication for mild to moderate depression. Combining both offers the best results.
The urgency of suicide
Depression is the leading cause of suicide (700,000 deaths/year worldwide). Any mention of suicidal thoughts must be taken seriously. The national suicide prevention number (3114 in France) is available 24/7. Ketamine and transcranial magnetic stimulation offer new options for treatment-resistant depression.
The words explained
Medical terms used above, in everyday language.
- Symptom
- A sign you can feel or see that something is wrong, like pain, tiredness or a rash.
- Diagnosis
- The moment a doctor identifies which illness is causing your symptoms.
- Prevention
- Steps taken before a problem starts, to make it less likely.
- Genetic
- Passed down in your family through your genes.
- Cognitive
- Related to thinking: memory, attention, learning and decision-making.
When should you see a doctor?
- Your symptoms last more than a few weeks or keep coming back.
- They get worse quickly, or stop you doing everyday things.
- You notice sudden pain, breathing trouble, fainting or bleeding — seek urgent care.
- You already take medication and want to change anything about it.
This article explains general health information. It does not replace advice from your own doctor.
Frequently asked questions
- What is Depression: A Brain Disease, Not a Lack of Courage?
- Persistent sadness, loss of interest, fatigue, sleep disturbances: depression is a neurobiological disease that can be effectively treated.
- What are the main symptoms or signs of Depression: A Brain Disease, Not a Lack of Courage?
- Common signs vary from person to person. The article above lists the symptoms to watch for, how they progress, and when they need medical attention.
- When should you see a doctor for Depression: A Brain Disease, Not a Lack of Courage?
- See a doctor if symptoms last more than a few weeks, get worse quickly, stop you doing everyday things, or if you notice sudden pain, breathing trouble, fainting or bleeding.
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