CBT: the therapy that changes thought patterns

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is based on a simple principle: our thoughts influence our emotions, which influence our behaviors. By modifying dysfunctional thought patterns, we can act on the vicious circle.

Fundamental principles

• Collaboration: the therapist and patient work together, on an equal footing
• Problem-oriented: focus on current difficulties, not distant past
• Exercises between sessions: CBT involves active patient work
• Limited duration: generally 12 to 20 sessions

Techniques used

• Cognitive restructuring: identifying and questioning negative automatic thoughts
• Progressive exposure: gradually confronting anxiety-provoking situations
• Behavioral activation: resuming pleasant activities (used in depression)
• Relaxation and mindfulness: stress management techniques

Proven effectiveness

CBT has the highest level of evidence for:

• Anxiety disorders (generalized anxiety, phobias, panic disorder)
• Mild to moderate depression
• Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
• Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
• Chronic insomnia
• Eating disorders

CBT is not a "surface" therapy. It durably modifies cognitive patterns when properly conducted.