Gastroesophageal Reflux: Extinguishing Heartburn Permanently

Why reflux occurs

The lower esophageal sphincter, normally contracted, relaxes abnormally, allowing acidic stomach contents to rise. Overweight, pregnancy, hiatal hernia, smoking, alcohol, and certain foods promote this dysfunction.

Lifestyle and dietary solutions

• Weight loss if high BMI
• Light meals, do not lie down within 3 hours after eating
• Elevate the head of the bed by 15 cm
• Avoid alcohol, tobacco, coffee, chocolate, spicy dishes, citrus, mint
• Identify personal triggers

Medication solutions

Antacids (Maalox, Gaviscon) for immediate relief. H2-blockers (famotidine) for mild forms. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) – omeprazole, pantoprazole, esomeprazole – reference treatment: 4 to 8 weeks then tapering. Prolonged use requires monitoring (osteoporosis, deficiencies).

When to consult?

Symptoms after age 50, dysphagia, weight loss, anemia, vomiting blood: endoscopy is essential. Laparoscopic fundoplication is proposed if medical treatment fails or due to prolonged PPI dependence.