Caffeine: the right dose and the wrong hour
Half of it is still in you six hours later
Dr. Nadia Selmi
Sleep specialist
In simple terms
How much is safe, why afternoon coffee costs you deep sleep, and how to cut back painlessly.
How it works
Caffeine blocks adenosine, the molecule that builds up during the day and makes you sleepy. It does not create energy; it hides tiredness, which is still waiting when the effect wears off.
The half-life problem
It takes about 5 to 6 hours for the body to clear half a dose. A coffee at 4 pm still leaves a meaningful amount in the blood at bedtime, reducing deep sleep even in people who fall asleep without difficulty. A useful rule is no caffeine after early afternoon.
Reasonable amounts
Up to about 400 mg a day, roughly four espressos, is considered safe for most healthy adults. Pregnancy lowers that to around 200 mg. Sensitivity varies genetically, so some people react strongly to a single cup.
Cutting down without headaches
Reduce by one cup every three or four days rather than stopping abruptly. Withdrawal headache, irritability and fatigue peak around day two and fade within a week.
Watch the hidden sources
Energy drinks, cola, strong tea, dark chocolate and some painkillers all contribute to the daily total.
The words explained
Medical terms used above, in everyday language.
- Genetic
- Passed down in your family through your genes.
When should you see a doctor?
- Your symptoms last more than a few weeks or keep coming back.
- They get worse quickly, or stop you doing everyday things.
- You notice sudden pain, breathing trouble, fainting or bleeding — seek urgent care.
- You already take medication and want to change anything about it.
This article explains general health information. It does not replace advice from your own doctor.
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