Sleep Apnea: Why You Shouldn't Ignore It

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by repeated breathing pauses during sleep, due to a collapse of the upper airways.

Symptoms

• Loud and irregular snoring
• Breathing pauses observed by partner
• Excessive daytime sleepiness (falling asleep at meetings, while driving)
• Nocturnal awakenings with a choking sensation
• Morning headaches
• Nocturia (getting up to urinate at night)
• Concentration and memory problems

Consequences if untreated

• 2 to 7 times increased risk of road accidents
• Treatment-resistant hypertension
• Atrial fibrillation
• Stroke
• Heart failure
• Depression

Diagnosis

Polysomnography (or ventilatory polygraphy) records apneas during sleep. The Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) defines severity:

• Mild: 5-15 events/hour
• Moderate: 15-30/hour
• Severe: > 30/hour

Treatments

• CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure): a nightly nasal mask that keeps the airways open. Reference treatment for moderate to severe forms.
• Mandibular advancement splint: an oral appliance that advances the lower jaw. Alternative for mild forms.
• Weight loss: reduces severity in 50% of cases
• Surgery: in certain specific anatomical situations