Iron Deficiency Anemia: When Lack of Iron Exhausts the Body

The essential role of iron

Iron is essential for the production of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen throughout the body. Iron deficiency anemia occurs when iron stores are depleted, reducing red blood cell production. health authorities estimates that 30% of the world's population is anemic, mainly due to iron deficiency.

At-risk populations

Women of childbearing age (heavy menstruation), pregnant women, infants and young children, growing adolescents, vegetarians/vegans, and people with inflammatory or digestive diseases (celiac disease, Crohn's) are most at risk.

Symptoms

Intense fatigue, shortness of breath on exertion, pallor of skin and mucous membranes, dizziness, headaches, palpitations, brittle hair and nails, restless legs syndrome, unusual cravings (pica: craving for ice, dirt). Diagnosis is based on CBC (low hemoglobin) and low serum ferritin.

Treatment

Oral iron supplementation (ferrous sulfate, ferrous fumarate) for 3 to 6 months replenishes stores. Vitamin C improves absorption. Intravenous iron is necessary in case of digestive intolerance or malabsorption. Above all, the cause must be identified and treated: gynecological bleeding, peptic ulcer, celiac disease.